CFI Spin Endorsement

Phase 1: Ground Theory & Aerodynamics

• Spin Definition: Understanding the spin as an uncoordinated stall resulting in a helical flight path.

• Aerodynamics of the Spin: Explaining why both wings are stalled, but one is more "deeply" stalled than the other.

• Phases of a Spin:

  • Incipient: From the stall until the spin is fully developed.

  • Developed: When rotation, airspeed, and vertical speed are stabilized.

  • Recovery: When control inputs are applied to break the stall and stop rotation.

• Causes of Unintentional Spins: Analyzing high-risk scenarios such as the base-to-final turn (skidding) or improper stall practice.

• Aircraft Certification: Reviewing weight and balance limitations and "Utility Category" requirements for intentional spins.

Phase 2: Preflight & Safety Procedures

• Parachute Requirements: Discussion of regulations regarding parachutes during intentional maneuvers.

• Clearing Turns: Ensuring the area is clear, specifically below the aircraft.

• Altitude Requirements: Establishing minimum entry (typically 4,000' AGL) and recovery altitudes.

• Cockpit Management: Securing all loose items and verifying fuel selector positions.

Phase 3: Flight Proficiency & Maneuvers

• Stall Awareness Exercises: Practicing power-on, power-off, and accelerated stalls.

• Cross-Controlled Stalls: Demonstrating how slips and skids during a stall can lead to spin entry.

• Intentional Spin Entry:

  • Reducing power to idle.

  • Maintaining altitude until the stall occurs.

  • Applying full aft elevator and full rudder in the desired direction of rotation.

• Orientation Maintenance: Keeping track of heading, altitude, and number of rotations during the spin.

• Spin Recovery (PARE Method):

  • P – Power: Idle.

  • A – Ailerons: Neutral.

  • R – Rudder: Full opposite to the direction of rotation.

  • E – Elevator: Briskly forward to break the stall.

  • Recovery: Neutralize rudder once rotation stops and ease out of the dive.

Recommended References

• FAA Advisory Circular AC 61-67C: Stall and Spin Awareness Training.

• FAA Airplane Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-3C): Chapter 5, "Maintaining Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery."